LEARNING ENGLISH
Gerunds
Gerunds are –ing forms of the verb that are used as
mouns. Gerunds name actions that are nouns.
SUBJECT : Learning the new bus schedule is easy.
: Making new friends can be difficult.
PREDICATE NOMINATIVE
: My student job this year is working in the library.
: Paul’s favorite sport is running.
DIRECT OBJECT
: Paul likes running.
: Jim enjoys playing golf.
OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION
: Paul likes most sports except fishing.
: Some people are afraid of speaking in public.
OBJECTIVE COMPLEMENT
: The police officer considered
the offense speeding.
: The teacher called the
children’s play learning.
Although gerunds are
used in a clause as mouns, they keep the qualities of verbs. Gerunds can be
followed by direct objects, indirect objects, adverb modifiers, and predicate
adjectives if their meaning allows these constructions.
GERUND FOLLOWED BY DIRECT OBJECT:
Gerund direct objects
Learning the
new bus schedule is easy.
Making new friends can be difficult.
Note: When as article
or an adjective modifiers the gerund, the gerund is followed by a prepositional
phrase instead of by a direct objects.
MODIFIERS BEFORE A GERUND:
Modifier gerund prepositional phrase
Constant learning
of new bus schedule is annoying.
The building of a lasting friendship can take a
long time.
GERUND FOLLOWED BY INDIRECT OBJECT:
Indirect objects
Giving Jim new golf clubs would please him.
Buying Paula new shoes is expensive.
GERUND FOLLOWED BY ADVERB MODIFIER:
Adverb
modifier
Learning quickly is easier for Pat than for Steve.
Eating fast is bad for the digestion.
GERUND FOLLOWED BY PREDICATE ADJECTIVE:
Predicate adjective
Feeling happy makes Ray sing.
Being kind can be difficult.
Use a possesive pronoun
before a gerund. Using an object form of the pronoun changes the meaning and
emphasis of the sentence. Use an object pronoun if the –ing form is a participle that modifies the pronoun.
OBJECT PRONOUN FOLLOWED BY PARTICIPLE:
We heard the dog
barking.
We heard it
barking. (emphasis on it-barking
modifies it)
We saw John
sleeping.
We saw him sleeping.
(emphasis on him-sleeping modifies
him)
POSSESIVE PRONOUN FOLLOWED BY GERUND:
We heard the dog’s
barking.
We heard its
barking. (emphasis on barking-its modifies
barking)
We were annoyed by John’s
sleeping.
We were annoyed by his
sleeping. (emphasis om sleeping-his modifies
sleeping)
Many compound nouns are
made from a gerund and another noun. They usually show the purpose to which the head noun is put.
A drinking fountain-a fountain drinking
An ironing board-a board ironing
A parking lot-a lot parking
A
swimming pool-a pool swimming
Source:
Reference Guide to English (A Handbook of English as a Second Language) written
by Alice Maclin.



